Risk indicators for mucositis and peri-implantitis: results from a practice-based cross-sectional study
Rinke Sven, Nordlohne Marc, Leha Andreas, Renvert Stefan, Schmalz Gerhard, Ziebolz Dirk,
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( Rinke Sven ) - University Medical Center Goettingen Department of Prosthodontics
( Nordlohne Marc ) - University Leipzig Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology
( Leha Andreas ) - Georg-August-University Department of Medical Statistics
( Renvert Stefan ) - Kristianstad University School of Health and Society
( Schmalz Gerhard ) - University Leipzig Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology
( Ziebolz Dirk ) - University Leipzig Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology
Abstract
Purpose: This practice-based cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether common risk indicators for peri-implant diseases were associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in patients undergoing supportive implant therapy (SIT) at least 5 years after implant restoration.
Methods: Patients exclusively restored with a single implant type were included. Probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration, and radiographic bone loss (RBL) were assessed around implants. The case definitions were as follows: peri-implant mucositis: PPD ≥4 mm, BOP, no RBL; and peri-implantitis: PPD ≥5 mm, BOP, RBL ≥3.5 mm. Possible risk indicators were compared between patients with and without mucositis and peri-implantitis using the Fisher exact test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as well as a multiple logistic regression model for variables showing significance (P<0.05).
Results: Eighty-four patients with 169 implants (observational period: 5.8±0.86 years) were included. A patient-based prevalence of 52% for peri-implant mucositis and 18% for peri-implantitis was detected. The presence of 3 or more implants (odds ratio [OR], 4.43; 95 confidence interval [CI], 1.36?15.05; P=0.0136) was significantly associated with an increased risk for mucositis. Smoking was significantly associated with an increased risk for peri-implantitis (OR, 5.89; 95% CI, 1.27?24.58; P=0.0231), while the presence of keratinized mucosa around implants was associated with a lower risk for peri-implantitis (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01?0.25; P<0.001).
Conclusions: The number of implants should be considered in strategies to prevent mucositis. Furthermore, smoking and the absence of keratinized mucosa were the strongest risk indicators for peri-implantitis in patients undergoing SIT in the present study.
키워드
Peri-implantitis; Prevalence; Risk; Smoking
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